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LaminDB - Data management for multimodal AI .md

LaminDB is an open-source data management tool that makes it easy to query, trace & govern datasets across diverse storage formats and locations. It gives you context through annotations, memory through lineage, and governance through branching and versioning. It uses a scalable lakehouse architecture that integrates files, tables, arrays, ontologies, and notes. It supports biological data through modules for bio-formats and registries by the creators of Scanpy.

Why?

  1. Untraceable results cannot be trusted, especially in the age of agents.

  2. Without effective access to multimodal data, models burn tokens or fail entirely.

  3. We want to govern changes to data like we govern changes to code with git.

lamindb-schematic

How?

  • lineage → trace results across agent sessions, notebooks, scripts & workflows

  • lakehouse → query across many datasets, manage tables and arrays schema-based and ACID

  • LIMS & ELN → unified schema-based records management with support for ontologies & markdown notes

  • FAIR datasets → validate & annotate files, DataFrame, AnnData, SpatialData, zarr, …

  • governance → manage changes via branching & by versioning data + code together

Architecture?

  • zero lock-in → uses open standards (metadata in SQLite/Postgres, data in parquet, zarr, etc.)

  • scalable → hit storage & database directly through your pydata or R stack, no REST API involved

  • simple → pip install lamindb or install.packages('laminr') - no Docker required, no separate backend

  • unified → federate data across storage locations (local, S3, GCP, …) in any database

  • distributed → federate data zero-copy & lineage-aware across databases

  • reproducible → track agent traces, source code & compute environments

  • idempotent → re-run logic without worries about duplications or overwrites

  • integrations → bio ontologies git, nextflow, vitessce, redun, and more

  • extensible → create custom plug-ins based on the Django ORM, the basis for LaminDB’s registries

Who?

Scientists and engineers at leading research institutions and biotech companies, including:

  • Industry → Pfizer, Altos Labs, Ensocell Therapeutics, …

  • Academia & Research → scverse, DZNE (National Research Center for Neuro-Degenerative Diseases), Helmholtz Munich (National Research Center for Environmental Health), …

  • Research Hospitals → Global Immunological Swarm Learning Network: Harvard, MIT, Stanford, ETH Zürich, Charité, U Bonn, Mount Sinai, …

From personal research projects to pharma-scale deployments managing petabytes of data across:

entities

OOMs

observations & datasets

10¹² & 10⁶

runs & transforms

10⁹ & 10⁵

proteins & genes

10⁹ & 10⁶

biosamples & species

10⁵ & 10²

…

…

UI, permissions, audit logs? LaminHub is a collaboration hub built on LaminDB similar to how GitHub is built on git.

Quickstart

To install the Python package with recommended dependencies, use:

pip install lamindb
Install with minimal dependencies.

The lamindb package adds data-science related dependencies through the [full] extra, see here.

For a minimal install of the lamindb namespace, use:

pip install lamindb-core

Agent? The lamindb skill ships with the lamindb package at .agents/skills/. Docs: llms.txt.

Query databases & load artifacts

You can browse public databases at lamin.ai/explore. To access laminlabs/cellxgene, run:

import lamindb as ln

db = ln.DB("laminlabs/cellxgene")  # a database object for queries
df = db.Artifact.to_dataframe()    # a dataframe listing datasets & models

→ connected lamindb: anonymous/test-readme

! truncated query result to limit=20 Artifact objects

To get a specific dataset, run:

artifact = db.Artifact.get("BnMwC3KZz0BuKftR")  # a metadata object for a dataset
artifact.describe()                             # describe the context of the dataset

Artifact: cell-census/2025-11-08/h5ads/82346769-8733-485e-ab49-f14923d2b5bc.h5ad (2025-11-08)
|   description: OPCs
├── uid: BnMwC3KZz0BuKftR0001            run: 7FgSsR6 (annotate-register-new-release.py)
│   kind: None                           otype: AnnData                                 
│   hash: hu09QNaDv3RLVyvrAlOFfg         size: 63.2 MB                                  
│   branch: main                         space: all                                     
│   created_at: 2026-02-17 13:38:30 UTC  created_by: zethson                            
│   n_observations: 3324.0               schema: CELLxGENE AnnData of ontology_id       
├── storage/path: s3://cellxgene-data-public/cell-census/2025-11-08/h5ads/82346769-8733-485e-ab49-f14923d2b5bc.h5ad
├── Dataset features
│   ├── obs (11.0)                                                                                                 
│   │   assay_ontology_term_id         bionty.ExperimentalFactor.ontology…  EFO:0009922                            
│   │   cell_type_ontology_term_id     bionty.CellType.ontology_id          CL:0002453                             
│   │   development_stage_ontology_t…  bionty.DevelopmentalStage.ontology…  HsapDv:0000147, HsapDv:0000162, HsapDv…
│   │   disease_ontology_term_id       bionty.Disease.ontology_id           MONDO:0004975, MONDO:0800027, PATO:000…
│   │   donor_id                       str                                                                         
│   │   is_primary_data                ULabel                                                                      
│   │   self_reported_ethnicity_onto…  bionty.Ethnicity.ontology_id         HANCESTRO:0568, HANCESTRO:0590, unknown
│   │   sex_ontology_term_id           bionty.Phenotype.ontology_id         PATO:0000383, PATO:0000384             
│   │   suspension_type                ULabel                               nucleus                                
│   │   tissue_ontology_term_id        bionty.Tissue.ontology_id|bionty.C…  UBERON:0000451, UBERON:0016528, UBERON…
│   │   tissue_type                    ULabel                               tissue                                 
│   ├── uns (1.0)                                                                                                  
│   │   organism_ontology_term_id      bionty.Organism.ontology_id          NCBITaxon:9606                         
│   └── var (2.0)                                                                                                  
│       feature_is_filtered            bool                                                                        
│       var_index                      bionty.Gene.ensembl_gene_id[source…                                         
└── Labels
    └── .recreating_runs               Run                                  2026-02-17 13:43:36.195894+00:00, 2026…
        .ulabels                       ULabel                               nucleus, tissue                        
        .organisms                     bionty.Organism                      human                                  
        .tissues                       bionty.Tissue                        prefrontal cortex, white matter of fro…
        .cell_types                    bionty.CellType                      oligodendrocyte precursor cell         
        .diseases                      bionty.Disease                       Alzheimer disease, leukoencephalopathy…
        .phenotypes                    bionty.Phenotype                     female, male                           
        .experimental_factors          bionty.ExperimentalFactor            10x 3' v3                              
        .developmental_stages          bionty.DevelopmentalStage            81-year-old stage, 53-year-old stage, …
        .ethnicities                   bionty.Ethnicity                     African American, unknown, European Am…
See the output.

Access the content of the dataset via:

local_path = artifact.cache()  # return a local path from a cache
adata = artifact.load()        # load object into memory

! run input wasn't tracked, call `ln.track()` and re-run

! run input wasn't tracked, call `ln.track()` and re-run

For broader queries of cellxgene, see docs.lamin.ai/cellxgene.

Configure your database

You can create a LaminDB instance at lamin.ai and invite collaborators. To connect to an existing instance, run:

lamin login
lamin connect account/name  # tip: add flag `--here` to scope to current directory
Or init a new instance instead (no login required). 
lamin init --storage ./quickstart-data --modules bionty

On the terminal and in a Python session, LaminDB will now auto-connect. For more configuration, see docs.lamin.ai/setup.

Save files & folders as artifacts

To save a file or folder via the API:

import lamindb as ln
# → connected lamindb: account/instance

open("sample.fasta", "w").write(">seq1\nACGT\n")        # create dataset
ln.Artifact("sample.fasta", key="sample.fasta").save()  # save dataset

! no run & transform got linked, call `ln.track()` & re-run

! calling anonymously, will miss private instances

Artifact(uid='80WKD0Or3x4VAxIj0000', key='sample.fasta', description=None, suffix='.fasta', kind=None, otype=None, size=11, hash='83rEPcAoBHmYiIuyBYrFKg', n_files=None, n_observations=None, extra_data=None, branch_id=1, created_on_id=1, space_id=1, storage_id=1, run_id=None, schema_id=None, created_by_id=1, created_at=2026-07-23 16:35:03 UTC, is_locked=False, version_tag=None, is_latest=True)

To save a file or folder via the CLI, run:

lamin save sample.fasta --key sample.fasta

To load an artifact via the CLI into a local cache, run:

lamin load --key sample.fasta

Read more about the CLI: docs.lamin.ai/cli.

Lineage: agents

The lamindb skill ships with the lamindb package at .agents/skills/. When working with Claude Code, ask it to copy the skill to .claude/skills/ so that it automatically tracks agent sessions.

Lineage: scripts & notebooks

To create a dataset while tracking source code, inputs, outputs, logs, and environment:

import lamindb as ln
# → connected lamindb: account/instance

ln.track()                                              # track code execution
open("sample.fasta", "w").write(">seq1\nACGT\n")        # create dataset
ln.Artifact("sample.fasta", key="sample.fasta").save()  # save dataset
ln.finish()                                             # mark run as finished

→ created Transform('rQnyKjJVgz5O0000', key='README.ipynb'), started new Run('tT75UfEcdn1uMMlG') at 2026-07-23 16:35:03 UTC

→ notebook imports: anndata==0.12.2 bionty==2.4.2 lamindb numpy==2.5.1 pandas==2.3.3

• tip: to identify the notebook across renames, pass the uid: ln.track("rQnyKjJVgz5O")

→ returning artifact with same hash: Artifact(uid='80WKD0Or3x4VAxIj0000', key='sample.fasta', description=None, suffix='.fasta', kind=None, otype=None, size=11, hash='83rEPcAoBHmYiIuyBYrFKg', n_files=None, n_observations=None, extra_data=None, branch_id=1, created_on_id=1, space_id=1, storage_id=1, run_id=None, schema_id=None, created_by_id=1, created_at=2026-07-23 16:35:03 UTC, is_locked=False, version_tag=None, is_latest=True); to track this artifact as an input, use: ln.Artifact.get()

! run was not set on Artifact(uid='80WKD0Or3x4VAxIj0000', key='sample.fasta', description=None, suffix='.fasta', kind=None, otype=None, size=11, hash='83rEPcAoBHmYiIuyBYrFKg', n_files=None, n_observations=None, extra_data=None, branch_id=1, created_on_id=1, space_id=1, storage_id=1, run_id=None, schema_id=None, created_by_id=1, created_at=2026-07-23 16:35:03 UTC, is_locked=False, version_tag=None, is_latest=True), setting to current run

! cells [(4, 6), (8, 11), (22, 24)] were not run consecutively

→ finished Run('tT75UfEcdn1uMMlG') after 2s at 2026-07-23 16:35:06 UTC

Running this snippet as a script (python create_fasta.py) produces the following data lineage:

artifact = ln.Artifact.get(key="sample.fasta")  # get artifact by key
artifact.describe()      # context of the artifact
artifact.view_lineage()  # fine-grained lineage

Artifact: sample.fasta (0000)
├── uid: 80WKD0Or3x4VAxIj0000            run: tT75UfE (README.ipynb)
│   hash: 83rEPcAoBHmYiIuyBYrFKg         size: 11 B                 
│   branch: main                         space: all                 
│   created_at: 2026-07-23 16:35:03 UTC  created_by: anonymous      
└── storage/path: /home/runner/work/lamindb/lamindb/test-readme/.lamindb/80WKD0Or3x4VAxIj0000.fasta
_images/ebdf61ca44374734765f0a9772a42036f842ae578a524721b0c739a029f60546.svg

Watch a mini video: youtu.be/yK3ODFZLL1A

Access run & transform.
run = artifact.run              # get the run object
transform = artifact.transform  # get the transform object
run.describe()                  # context of the run

Run: tT75UfE (README.ipynb)
├── uid: tT75UfEcdn1uMMlG                transform: README.ipynb (0000)      
│   started_at: 2026-07-23 16:35:03 UTC  finished_at: 2026-07-23 16:35:06 UTC
│   status: completed                                                        
│   branch: main                         space: all                          
│   created_at: 2026-07-23 16:35:03 UTC  created_by: anonymous               
└── environment: InNpmzi
    │ aiobotocore==3.8.0
    │ aiohappyeyeballs==2.7.1
    │ aiohttp==3.14.3
    │ aioitertools==0.13.0
    │ …

transform.describe()  # context of the transform

Transform: README.ipynb (0000)
|   description: LaminDB - Data management for multimodal AI
├── uid: rQnyKjJVgz5O0000                                     
│   hash: DQtUG_sqtOsqE1Um73Cyvw         type: notebook       
│   branch: main                         space: all           
│   created_at: 2026-07-23 16:35:03 UTC  created_by: anonymous
└── source_code: 
    │ # %% [markdown]
    │ # [![docs](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-yellow)](https://docs.lamin.ai) [![ …
    │ #
    │ #
    │ #
    │ # LaminDB is an open-source data management tool that makes it easy to query, tr …
    │ #
    │ # <details>
    │ # <summary>Why?</summary>
    │ #
    │ # 1. Untraceable results cannot be trusted, especially in the age of agents.
    │ # 2. Without effective access to multimodal data, models burn tokens or [fail en …
    │ # 3. We want to govern changes to data like we govern changes to code with git.
    │ #
    │ # </details>
    │ #
    │ # <img width="800px" alt="lamindb-schematic" src="https://lamin-site-assets.s3.a …
    │ #
    │ # How?
    │ #
    │ # - **lineage** → trace results across agent sessions, notebooks, scripts & work …
    │ # - **lakehouse** → query across many datasets, manage tables and arrays schema- …
    │ # - **LIMS & ELN** → unified schema-based records management with support for on …
    │ # - **FAIR datasets** → validate & annotate files, `DataFrame`, `AnnData`, `Spat …
    │ # - **governance** → [manage changes](https://docs.lamin.ai/manage-changes) via  …
    │ #
    │ # Architecture?
    │ #
    │ # - **zero lock-in** → uses open standards (metadata in SQLite/Postgres, data in …
    │ # - **scalable** → hit storage & database directly through your `pydata` or R st …
    │ …
Track a project or an agent plan.

Pass a project/artifact to ln.track(), for example:

Note that you have to create a project or save the agent plan in case they don’t yet exist:

# create a project with the CLI
lamin create project "My project"

# save an agent plan with the CLI
lamin save /path/to/.cursor/plans/curate-dataset-x.plan.md
lamin save /path/to/.claude/plans/curate-dataset-x.md

Or in Python:

Lineage: functions & workflows

You can achieve the same traceability for functions & workflows:

import lamindb as ln

@ln.flow()
def create_fasta(fasta_file: str = "sample.fasta"):
    open(fasta_file, "w").write(">seq1\nACGT\n")    # create dataset
    ln.Artifact(fasta_file, key=fasta_file).save()  # save dataset

if __name__ == "__main__":
    pass

Beyond what you get for scripts & notebooks, this automatically tracks function & CLI params and integrates well with established Python workflow managers: docs.lamin.ai/track. To integrate advanced bioinformatics pipeline managers like Nextflow, see docs.lamin.ai/pipelines.

A richer example.

Here is an automatically generated re-construction of the project of Schmidt et al. (Science, 2022):

A phenotypic CRISPRa screening result is integrated with scRNA-seq data. Here is the result of the screen input:

You can explore it here on LaminHub or here on GitHub.

Labeling & queries by fields

You can label an artifact by running:

my_label = ln.ULabel(name="My label").save()   # a universal label
project = ln.Project(name="My project").save() # a project label
artifact.ulabels.add(my_label)
artifact.projects.add(project)

Query for it:

ln.Artifact.filter(ulabels=my_label, projects=project).to_dataframe()
uid key description suffix kind otype size hash n_files n_observations ... is_latest is_locked created_at branch_id created_on_id space_id storage_id run_id schema_id created_by_id
id
1 80WKD0Or3x4VAxIj0000 sample.fasta None .fasta None None 11 83rEPcAoBHmYiIuyBYrFKg None None ... True False 2026-07-23 16:35:03.210000+00:00 1 1 1 1 1 None 1

1 rows × 22 columns

You can also query by the metadata that lamindb automatically collects:

ln.Artifact.filter(run=run).to_dataframe()              # by creating run
ln.Artifact.filter(transform=transform).to_dataframe()  # by creating transform
ln.Artifact.filter(size__gt=1e6).to_dataframe()         # size greater than 1MB
uid id key description suffix kind otype size hash n_files ... is_latest is_locked created_at branch_id created_on_id space_id storage_id run_id schema_id created_by_id

0 rows × 23 columns

If you want to include more information into the resulting dataframe, pass include.

ln.Artifact.to_dataframe(include=["created_by__name", "storage__root"])  # include fields from related registries
uid key created_by__name storage__root
id
1 80WKD0Or3x4VAxIj0000 sample.fasta None /home/runner/work/lamindb/lamindb/test-readme

Note: The query syntax for DB objects and for your default database is the same.

The core data model

Here is an overview that illustrates how Artifact links to all other registries:

Read more: docs.lamin.ai/organize.

Queries by features

You can annotate datasets and samples with features. Let’s define some:

from datetime import date

gc_content = ln.Feature(name="gc_content", dtype=float).save()
experiment_note = ln.Feature(name="experiment_note", dtype=str).save()
experiment_date = ln.Feature(name="experiment_date", dtype=date, coerce=True).save()  # accept date strings

During annotation, feature names and data types are validated against these definitions.

artifact.features.set_values({
    gc_content: 0.55,
    experiment_note: "Looks great",
    experiment_date: "2025-10-24",
})

Query for it:

ln.Artifact.filter(experiment_date == "2025-10-24").to_dataframe()  # query all artifacts annotated with `experiment_date`
uid key description suffix kind otype size hash n_files n_observations ... is_latest is_locked created_at branch_id created_on_id space_id storage_id run_id schema_id created_by_id
id
1 80WKD0Or3x4VAxIj0000 sample.fasta None .fasta None None 11 83rEPcAoBHmYiIuyBYrFKg None None ... True False 2026-07-23 16:35:03.210000+00:00 1 1 1 1 1 None 1

1 rows × 22 columns

If you want to include the feature values into the dataframe, pass include.

ln.Artifact.to_dataframe(include="features")  # include the feature annotations
uid key gc_content experiment_note experiment_date
id
1 80WKD0Or3x4VAxIj0000 sample.fasta 0.55 Looks great 2025-10-24

Lake ♾️ LIMS ♾️ Sheets

You can create records for entities underlying your experiments (samples, perturbations, instruments, etc.):

ln.Record(name="Sample 1", features={gc_content: 0.5}).save()

Record(uid='QB3fBb22mYwyK579', is_type=False, name='Sample 1', description=None, reference=None, reference_type=None, extra_data=None, branch_id=1, created_on_id=1, space_id=1, created_by_id=1, type_id=None, schema_id=None, run_id=None, created_at=2026-07-23 16:35:07 UTC, is_locked=False)

You can dynamically create registries and relationships of entities:

# create an experiments registry by defining a record type
experiments_registry = ln.Record(name="Experiments", is_type=True).save()

# create a record inside the Experiments registry
ln.Record(name="Experiment 1", type=experiments_registry).save()

# create a feature that links experiments, creating a relationship
experiment = ln.Feature(name="experiment", dtype=experiments_registry).save()

# create a sample record that links the sample to `Experiment 1` via the `experiment` feature
ln.Record(name="Sample 2", features={gc_content: 0.5, experiment: "Experiment 1"}).save()

! you are trying to create a record with name='experiment' but records with similar names exist: 'experiment_note', 'experiment_date'. Did you mean to load one of them?

! you are trying to create a record with name='Sample 2' but a record with similar name exists: 'Sample 1'. Did you mean to load it?

Record(uid='w8NUFzpqq2LJO6AL', is_type=False, name='Sample 2', description=None, reference=None, reference_type=None, extra_data=None, branch_id=1, created_on_id=1, space_id=1, created_by_id=1, type_id=None, schema_id=None, run_id=None, created_at=2026-07-23 16:35:07 UTC, is_locked=False)

You can export a dynamic registry as a dataframe:

experiments_registry.to_dataframe()

→ exporting 1 records of 'Experiments'
__lamindb_record_uid__ __lamindb_record_name__
__lamindb_record_id__
3 7kVZ8VTZmz1Jt8r4 Experiment 1
You can edit records like Excel sheets on LaminHub.

Versioning and branching

LaminDB co-versions code and datasets for you. If edit and run the create_fasta.py script, you’ll automatically create a new version of the transform and the sample.fasta artifact.

The edited script
# create_fasta.py
import lamindb as ln

ln.track()
open("sample.fasta", "w").write(">seq1\nTGCA\n")  # a new sequence
ln.Artifact("sample.fasta", key="sample.fasta", features={"experiment": "Experiment 1"}).save()  # annotate with the new experiment
ln.finish()

→ found notebook README.ipynb, making new version -- anticipating changes

→ created Transform('rQnyKjJVgz5O0001', key='README.ipynb'), started new Run('zvGwP6c3zBTI5g8i') at 2026-07-23 16:35:07 UTC

→ notebook imports: anndata==0.12.2 bionty==2.4.2 lamindb numpy==2.5.1 pandas==2.3.3

• tip: to identify the notebook across renames, pass the uid: ln.track("rQnyKjJVgz5O")

→ creating new artifact version for key 'sample.fasta' in storage '/home/runner/work/lamindb/lamindb/test-readme'

! cells [(4, 6), (8, 11), (22, 24)] were not run consecutively

→ returning artifact with same hash: Artifact(uid='OECjQlzRvl6G2zss0000', key=None, description='Report of run tT75UfEcdn1uMMlG', suffix='.html', kind='__lamindb_run__', otype=None, size=348373, hash='cX85QHgVm36hkmgulgp8pQ', n_files=None, n_observations=None, extra_data=None, branch_id=1, created_on_id=1, space_id=1, storage_id=1, run_id=None, schema_id=None, created_by_id=1, created_at=2026-07-23 16:35:06 UTC, is_locked=False, version_tag=None, is_latest=True); to track this artifact as an input, use: ln.Artifact.get()

! run was not set on Artifact(uid='OECjQlzRvl6G2zss0000', key=None, description='Report of run tT75UfEcdn1uMMlG', suffix='.html', kind='__lamindb_run__', otype=None, size=348373, hash='cX85QHgVm36hkmgulgp8pQ', n_files=None, n_observations=None, extra_data=None, branch_id=1, created_on_id=1, space_id=1, storage_id=1, run_id=None, schema_id=None, created_by_id=1, created_at=2026-07-23 16:35:06 UTC, is_locked=False, version_tag=None, is_latest=True), setting to current run

! updated description from Report of run tT75UfEcdn1uMMlG to Report of run zvGwP6c3zBTI5g8i

! returning transform  with same hash & key: Transform(uid='rQnyKjJVgz5O0000', key='README.ipynb', description='LaminDB - Data management for multimodal AI', kind='notebook', hash='DQtUG_sqtOsqE1Um73Cyvw', reference=None, reference_type=None, environment=None, plan=None, branch_id=1, created_on_id=1, space_id=1, run_id=None, created_by_id=1, created_at=2026-07-23 16:35:03 UTC, is_locked=False, version_tag=None, is_latest=False)

! run was not set on Transform(uid='rQnyKjJVgz5O0000', key='README.ipynb', description='LaminDB - Data management for multimodal AI', kind='notebook', hash='DQtUG_sqtOsqE1Um73Cyvw', reference=None, reference_type=None, environment=None, plan=None, branch_id=1, created_on_id=1, space_id=1, run_id=None, created_by_id=1, created_at=2026-07-23 16:35:03 UTC, is_locked=False, version_tag=None, is_latest=False), setting to current run

• new latest Transform version is: rQnyKjJVgz5O0000

→ finished Run('zvGwP6c3zBTI5g8i') after 1s at 2026-07-23 16:35:08 UTC

artifact_latest = ln.Artifact.get(key="sample.fasta")  # pass version for a previous version: ln.Artifact.get(key="sample.fasta", version="1.0")
artifact_latest.versions.to_dataframe()                # all versions of that artifact
artifact_latest.transform.versions.to_dataframe()      # all versions of the transform that created the artifact
uid key description kind source_code hash reference reference_type version_tag is_latest is_locked created_at branch_id created_on_id space_id environment_id plan_id run_id created_by_id
id
1 rQnyKjJVgz5O0000 README.ipynb LaminDB - Data management for multimodal AI notebook # %% [markdown]\n# [![docs](https://img.shield... DQtUG_sqtOsqE1Um73Cyvw None None None True False 2026-07-23 16:35:03.905000+00:00 1 1 1 None None None 1

To isolate changes, create a contribution branch and switch to it as in git:

lamin switch -c my_branch

To merge a contribution branch into main, run:

lamin switch main  # switch to the main branch
lamin merge my_branch  # merge contribution branch into main

Read more: docs.lamin.ai/manage-changes.

Data sharing

To share data in a lineage-aware way, transfer objects from a source database to your default database:

db = ln.DB("laminlabs/lamindata")
artifact = db.Artifact.get(key="example_datasets/mini_immuno/dataset1.h5ad")
artifact.save()

! database has module pertdb, configure it: lamin settings modules set bionty,pertdb

→ transferred: Artifact(uid='9K1dteZ6Qx0EXK8g0000'), Storage(uid='D9BilDV2'), Schema(uid='0000000000000002')

Artifact(uid='9K1dteZ6Qx0EXK8g0000', key='example_datasets/mini_immuno/dataset1.h5ad', description='Flow cytometry readouts on invitro cell culture', suffix='.h5ad', kind='dataset', otype='AnnData', size=31672.0, hash='FB3CeMjmg1ivN6HDy6wsSg', n_files=None, n_observations=3.0, extra_data=None, branch_id=1, created_on_id=1, space_id=1, storage_id=2, run_id=3, schema_id=1, created_by_id=1, created_at=2025-07-29 12:27:25 UTC, is_locked=False, version_tag=None, is_latest=True)

This is zero-copy for the artifact’s data in storage. Read more: docs.lamin.ai/transfer.

Lakehouse ♾️ feature store

Here is how you ingest a DataFrame:

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({
    "sequence_str": ["ACGT", "TGCA"],
    "gc_content": [0.55, 0.54],
    "experiment_note": ["Looks great", "Ok"],
    "experiment_date": [date(2025, 10, 24), date(2025, 10, 25)],
})
ln.Artifact.from_dataframe(df, key="my_datasets/sequences.parquet").save()  # no validation

Artifact(uid='F1Lsx6fy96PixNWD0000', key='my_datasets/sequences.parquet', description=None, suffix='.parquet', kind='dataset', otype='DataFrame', size=3405, hash='iK-5bby-Qk0lbWYf9aL4WQ', n_files=None, n_observations=2, extra_data=None, branch_id=1, created_on_id=1, space_id=1, storage_id=1, run_id=None, schema_id=None, created_by_id=1, created_at=2026-07-23 16:35:13 UTC, is_locked=False, version_tag=None, is_latest=True)

To validate & annotate the content of the dataframe, use the built-in schema valid_features:

ln.Feature(name="sequence_str", dtype=str).save()  # define a remaining feature
artifact = ln.Artifact.from_dataframe(
    df,
    key="my_datasets/sequences.parquet",
    schema="valid_features"  # validate columns against features
).save()
artifact.describe()

! you are trying to create a record with name='valid_features' but a record with similar name exists: 'anndata_ensembl_gene_ids_and_valid_features_in_obs'. Did you mean to load it?

→ returning artifact with same hash: Artifact(uid='F1Lsx6fy96PixNWD0000', key='my_datasets/sequences.parquet', description=None, suffix='.parquet', kind='dataset', otype='DataFrame', size=3405, hash='iK-5bby-Qk0lbWYf9aL4WQ', n_files=None, n_observations=2, extra_data=None, branch_id=1, created_on_id=1, space_id=1, storage_id=1, run_id=None, schema_id=None, created_by_id=1, created_at=2026-07-23 16:35:13 UTC, is_locked=False, version_tag=None, is_latest=True); to track this artifact as an input, use: ln.Artifact.get()

→ loading artifact into memory for validation

Artifact: my_datasets/sequences.parquet (0000)
├── uid: F1Lsx6fy96PixNWD0000            run:                  
│   kind: dataset                        otype: DataFrame      
│   hash: iK-5bby-Qk0lbWYf9aL4WQ         size: 3.3 KB          
│   branch: main                         space: all            
│   created_at: 2026-07-23 16:35:13 UTC  created_by: anonymous 
│   n_observations: 2                    schema: valid_features
├── storage/path: /home/runner/work/lamindb/lamindb/test-readme/.lamindb/F1Lsx6fy96PixNWD0000.parquet
└── Dataset features
    └── columns (4)                                                                                                
        experiment_date                date                                                                        
        experiment_note                str                                                                         
        gc_content                     float                                                                       
        sequence_str                   str

Watch a mini video: youtu.be/Ji6E7hTnReQ

You can filter for datasets by schema and then launch distributed queries and batch loading.

Lakehouse beyond tables

To validate an AnnData with built-in schema ensembl_gene_ids_and_valid_features_in_obs, call:

import anndata as ad
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

adata = ad.AnnData(
    X=np.ones((21, 10)),
    obs=pd.DataFrame({'cell_type_by_model': ['T cell', 'B cell', 'NK cell'] * 7}),
    var=pd.DataFrame(index=[f'ENSG{i:011d}' for i in range(10)])
)
artifact = ln.Artifact.from_anndata(
    adata,
    key="my_datasets/scrna.h5ad",
    schema="ensembl_gene_ids_and_valid_features_in_obs"
).save()
artifact.describe()

→ loading artifact into memory for validation

/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.14.6/x64/lib/python3.14/functools.py:982: ImplicitModificationWarning: Transforming to str index.
  return dispatch(args[0].__class__)(*args, **kw)

Artifact: my_datasets/scrna.h5ad (0000)
├── uid: a8TtPHDUfzrLuXyi0000            run:                                                      
│   kind: dataset                        otype: AnnData                                            
│   hash: c--SJdvV8yoNhfOivPsqHQ         size: 20.9 KB                                             
│   branch: main                         space: all                                                
│   created_at: 2026-07-23 16:35:13 UTC  created_by: anonymous                                     
│   n_observations: 21                   schema: anndata_ensembl_gene_ids_and_valid_features_in_obs
└── storage/path: /home/runner/work/lamindb/lamindb/test-readme/.lamindb/a8TtPHDUfzrLuXyi0000.h5ad

To validate a SpatialData or any other array-like dataset, you need to construct a Schema. You can do this by composing simple pandera-style schemas: docs.lamin.ai/curate.

Ontologies

Plugin bionty gives you >20 public ontologies as SQLRecord registries. This was used to validate the ENSG ids in the adata just before.

import bionty as bt

bt.CellType.import_source()  # import the default ontology
bt.CellType.to_dataframe()   # your extensible cell type ontology in a simple registry

✓ import is completed!

! truncated query result to limit=20 CellType objects
uid name ontology_id abbr synonyms description is_locked created_at branch_id created_on_id space_id created_by_id run_id source_id
id
3437 1ChUsEzDZXWW4B beam B cell, human CL:7770006 None None A Trabecular Meshwork Cell Within The Eye'S Tr... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3436 5xoxfxIf7WrLdU beam cell CL:7770005 None None A Trabecular Meshwork Cell That Is Part Of The... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3435 2j5mhhFoV2vBDV suprabasal cell CL:7770004 None None An Epithelial Cell That Resides In The Layer(S... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3434 RBCFqAmkM1oaaZ beam A cell CL:7770003 None None A Beam Cell Within The Eye'S Trabecular Meshwo... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3433 79Ow7BGPRP018I juxtacanalicular tissue cell CL:7770002 None None A Trabecular Meshwork Cell Of The Juxtacanalic... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3432 4qJMS0d5FyIXQK OB FRMD7 GABA GABAergic neuron (Primate) CL:4310148 None OB FRMD7 GABA A Gabaergic Neuron Of The Primates Brain. Thes... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3431 6iU1Q2FIIkrgND OB Dopa-GABA neuron (Primate) CL:4310147 None OB Dopa-GABA A Ob-Dopa-Gaba Of The Primates Brain. These Ce... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3430 100qUn3IH1Ksw2 AMY-SLEA-BNST GABA GABAergic interneuron (Prim... CL:4310146 None AMY-SLEA-BNST GABA A Gabaergic Interneuron Of The Primates Brain.... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3429 QJ8929f49Ncfrf AMY-SLEA-BNST D1 GABA GABAergic interneuron (P... CL:4310145 None AMY-SLEA-BNST D1 GABA A Gabaergic Interneuron Of The Primates Brain.... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3428 2RruqlADchF4D3 VTR-HTH Glut glutamatergic neuron of the basal... CL:4310144 None F M Glut|VTR-HTH Glut A Glutamatergic Neuron Of The Basal Ganglia Of... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3427 44qrwytpXARNMz ZI-HTH GABA GABAergic interneuron (Primate) CL:4310143 None ZI-HTH GABA A Gabaergic Interneuron Of The Primates Brain.... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3426 3dVBqPp88IUIib STRv D2 medium spiny neuron (Primate) CL:4310138 None D2-Shell/OT|STRv D2 MSN A Nucleus Accumbens Shell And Olfactory Tuberc... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3425 4RRtGKe1oGoVGV STRv D1-NUDAP medium spiny neuron (Primate) CL:4310137 None D1-NUDAP|STRv D1 NUDAP MSN A D1-Nudap Medium Spiny Neuron Of The Primates... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3424 1Tw4GET7C0W2Az STRv D1 medium spiny neuron (Primate) CL:4310136 None STRv D1 MSN|D1-Shell/OT A Nucleus Accumbens Shell And Olfactory Tuberc... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3423 3taUBSHOL3ffx3 STR cholinergic-GABAergic neuron (Primate) CL:4310135 None STR Cholinergic GABA A Striatal Cholinergic-Gabaergic Neuron Of The... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3422 2OzOl5s6HeWYYM striosomal D2 medium spiny neuron (Primate) CL:4310134 None D2-Striosome|STRd D2 Striosome MSN A Striosomal D2 Medium Spiny Neuron Of The Pri... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3421 3ZypczMtxf4KQu STRd D2 Striomat hybrid medium spiny neuron (P... CL:4310133 None STRd D2 StrioMat Hybrid MSN A Indirect Pathway Medium Spiny Neuron Of The ... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3420 2Mk5r9Xsi24yLc STRd D2 Matrix medium spiny neuron (Primate) CL:4310132 None D2-Matrix|STRd D2 Matrix MSN A Matrix D2 Medium Spiny Neuron Of The Primate... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3419 5e4cn19DcnuNH0 STRd D1/D2-hybrid medium spiny neuron (Primate) CL:4310131 None D1/D2 Hybrid|STR D1D2 Hybrid MSN A D1/D2-Hybrid Medium Spiny Neuron Of The Prim... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26
3418 67anmsVZv7HmGa striosomal D1 medium spiny neuron (Primate) CL:4310130 None STRd D1 Striosome MSN|D1-Striosome A Striosomal D1 Medium Spiny Neuron Of The Pri... False 2026-07-23 16:35:15.111000+00:00 1 1 1 1 None 26

You can then create objects, e.g. for labeling, analogous to ULabel, Project, or Record:

t_cell = bt.CellType.get(name="T cell")
artifact.cell_types.add(t_cell)

Read more: docs.lamin.ai/manage-ontologies.

Watch a mini video: youtu.be/3vpWjHj3Kw8

Save unstructured notes

When in your development directory, you can save markdown files as records:

lamin save <topic>/<my-note.md>